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I'm trying to get a superscript for units of my y-axis using plotmath expressions referenced in several posts. I've looked through threads on using expression and also here, but it just isn't working for me. Here's what I have so far:

ggplot(data.frame, aes(Region, Zmar_sh)) + 
  geom_boxplot() + xlab("Region") +  
  ylab(expression(paste("eelgrass shoot density", " (shoots/", expression(m[2])))) +
  ggtitle(expression(paste(italic("Zostera marina")," shoot density in X Bay", sep = " ")))

The ggtitle expression works, but I'm still not getting my y axis to read "eelgrass shoot density (shoots/m2)" with the "2" as superscript. What am I missing?

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KVininska
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1 Answers1

8

You don't need the second expression(). Also, m[2] gives a subscript. Use m^2 for a superscript.

Here's an example with the built-in mtcars data frame:

ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
  geom_point() +
  ylab(expression(paste("eelgrass shoot density", " (shoots/", m^2,")")))

In fact, you don't even need to use paste. Instead you could do this:

ylab(expression(eelgrass~shoot~density~(shoots/m^2)))

where ~ is the "space" character. If you put actual spaces between the words (without using ~), you'll get an error. However, for readability, you can also do this:

ylab(expression(eelgrass ~ shoot ~ density ~ (shoots/m^2)))

which is equivalent to the code above, because the spaces are ignored as long as the ~ is there.

Any of the ylab expressions above will give the following plot:

enter image description here

eipi10
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  • Thanks! I wasn't aware of this use of the ~. I knew it was something small that I was missing. And you were right about the superscript, of course. I am also working with subscripts in my code and wrote the incorrect term in my rush to post. – KVininska Mar 09 '16 at 16:57