414

below is what I need to do.

To run the specs, you'll need to install RSpec. First, run gem install bundler in the root directory of your project. Then, run bundle install. To run a single spec file, run a command like this: bundle exec rspec spec/00_hello_spec.rb. To run all of the specs at once, run bundle exec rspec.

So, I typed gem install bundler in Terminal, and got the error:

You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory.

and this was in the project file in atom

source "https://rubygems.org"
gem "rspec", "~> 3.2.0"

My question is:

It seems like terminal is giving me the response because I'm not supposed to change anything on ruby, and I need to bundle install inside of atom? Could anyone tell me how to use atom or run anything in atom?

pkamb
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user9426236
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35 Answers35

574

You are correct that macOS won't let you change anything with the Ruby version that comes installed with your Mac. However, it's possible to install gems like bundler using a separate version of Ruby that doesn't interfere with the one provided by Apple.

Using sudo to install gems, or changing permissions of system files and directories is strongly discouraged, even if you know what you are doing. Can we please stop providing this bad advice?

The solution involves two main steps:

  1. Install a separate version of Ruby that does not interfere with the one that came with your Mac.
  2. Update your PATH such that the location of the new Ruby version is first in the PATH. Some tools do this automatically for you. If you're not familiar with the PATH and how it works, it's one of the basics that you should learn, and you'll understand why you sometimes get "command not found" errors and how to fix them.

First, you will want to install Homebrew, which installs the prerequisite command line tools, and makes it easy to install other necessary tools.

Then, the two easiest ways to install a separate version of Ruby are:

If you would like the flexibility of easily switching between many Ruby versions [RECOMMENDED]

Choose one of these four options:

brew install chruby ruby-install

If you chose chruby and ruby-install, you can then install the latest Ruby like this:

ruby-install ruby

Once you've installed everything and configured your .zshrc or .bash_profile according to the instructions from the tools above, quit and restart Terminal, then switch to the version of Ruby that you want. In the case of chruby, it would be something like this:

chruby 3.1.3

Whether you need to configure .zshrc or .bash_profile depends on which shell you're using.

If you know for sure you don't need more than one version of Ruby at the same time (besides the one that came with macOS) [NOT RECOMMENDED]

Even if you think you won't need another version now, you will eventually and you won't be able to easily switch. This will cause confusion and headaches, which is why I don't recommend installing and managing Ruby with Homebrew.

If you choose to use Homebrew to install Ruby despite my warnings, you'll be on your own if you run into any issues.

  • Install ruby with Homebrew:
brew install ruby

Then update your PATH by running this command:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

The 3.1.0 in the command above assumes Homebrew installed a Ruby version that starts with 3.1. If it installed a different version, replace 3.1 with the first two digits of your Ruby version.

If you're on an M1/M2 Mac, replace /usr/local with /opt/homebrew

Then "refresh" your shell for these changes to take effect:

source ~/.zshrc

Or you can open a new terminal tab, or quit and restart Terminal.

Replace .zshrc with .bash_profile if you are using Bash. If you're not sure, read my guide to find out which shell you're using.

To check that you're now using the non-system version of Ruby, you can run the following commands:

which ruby

It should not be /usr/bin/ruby

ruby -v

It should be 3.1.3 or later.

Once you have this new version of Ruby installed, you can now install bundler (or any other gem):

gem install bundler
sideshowbarker
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monfresh
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    if you're like me and you use zsh (or another shell other than bash), there is an extra step! After installing `rbenv` you have to do `echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile`. [Source](https://gist.github.com/stonehippo/cc0f3098516fb52390f1) – Marlo Mar 22 '19 at 17:27
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    If you face a permission error on /usr/local directory, run `sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(brew --prefix)/*`. See this [thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49282002/error-of-error-could-not-lock-config-file-git-config-permission-denied-occu) for more info – Anas Tiour May 20 '19 at 01:34
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    Since MacOS is encouraging people to switch to zsh, you should also apply the change to ~/.bash_profile to ~/.zshrc. – Adam_G Dec 30 '19 at 01:14
  • I installed ruby with rbenv, and `which ruby` does return `/usr/bin/ruby`. Should I find where the new (rbenv installation) of ruby is located and update the PATH so that location appears before the Mac installation? – stevec Jun 08 '20 at 09:07
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    Except of course... "you don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0 directory. – Sean Munson Mar 12 '21 at 17:21
  • @monfresh I followed your steps.. following is the output: $ which ruby /usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/ruby $ ruby -v ruby 3.1.1p18 (2022-02-18 revision 53f5fc4236) [x86_64-darwin21] HOWEVER, when I try to install cocoapods using: $ gem install cocoapods I get: ERROR: While executing gem ... (Errno::EACCES) Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /Users/omkarbojjawar/.local/share/gem/specs Please help. – Omkar Bojjawar Mar 23 '22 at 11:34
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    If you are on Monterey on a M1 Mac the echo command should look like this: `echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc ` – Νίκος Τιτομιχελάκης Mar 29 '22 at 10:33
  • For me ruby-v gives the version of the macOS ruby. Is there a way i can check which version of ruby is installed by homebrew? – vikram sah May 19 '22 at 14:44
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    Please search for @Mick answer regarding `rebenv`. This should be the accepted answer! – neoswf Jun 08 '22 at 17:42
  • Had to `brew install xz` before `ruby-install ruby` before it failed with `xzcat: command not found` – thisismydesign Aug 30 '22 at 10:09
  • For me on M1 ruby-install gave architecture error `Undefined symbols for architecture arm64 _rb_arithmetic_sequence_extract referenced from...` Found the article https://www.rubyonmac.dev/how-to-install-ruby-on-macos-12-6-apple-silicon which suggested to use a flag like this: `ruby-install 3.1.2 -- --enable-shared` And it worked – Simon Moshenko Nov 04 '22 at 16:17
  • Thanks, Simon. I wrote that article, but I forgot to update this answer. However, now that Ruby 3.1.3 is released, that workaround is no longer needed. – monfresh Nov 28 '22 at 17:14
273

Worked for me using the parameter --user-install running following command:

gem install name_of_gem --user-install

Install in user's home directory instead of GEM_HOME

https://guides.rubygems.org/command-reference/#gem-install

RubyGems’ default local repository can be overridden with the GEM_PATH and GEM_HOME environment variables. GEM_HOME sets the default repository to install into. GEM_PATH allows multiple local repositories to be searched for gems.

Edit

There was one gem I still could not install (it required the Ruby.h headers of the Ruby development kit or something), then I tried the different version managers, but somehow that still did not really work as it was stated in the documentations how to just install and switch (it did just not switch the versions). Then I removed all the installed version managers and installed afterwards with brew install ruby the latest version and did set the PATH variable, too. (It will be mentioned after the installation of ruby from brew), which worked.

Stefan Rein
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    This worked well for me; I just needed to also add the bin path (`~/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin` in my case) to my $PATH. Didn't need to install an extra Ruby or pay for the current top answer's installation script. – Cykelero Mar 02 '23 at 14:04
162

If you don't want to run sudo then install ruby using homebrew

brew install ruby
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
gem install rails

You may want to add export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem" to your ~/.bash_profile or .zshrc if you're using zsh

Note: RubyGems keeps old versions of gems, so feel free to do some cleaning after updating:

gem cleanup
STIKO
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    didnt help on Catalina OS – Efrat Levitan Oct 14 '19 at 18:08
  • `Rails is not currently installed on this system. To get the latest version, simply type: $ sudo gem install rails You can then rerun your "rails" command` – Efrat Levitan Oct 16 '19 at 09:14
  • It sounds like you are trying run a `rails` command. The last two commands I have do not run `rails` command. Try to open a new terminal outside of your project then copy last two lines of my answer one by one. – STIKO Oct 16 '19 at 21:58
  • don't forget to `source ~/. zshrc` (or `~/.bash_profile`) – gordinmitya May 17 '20 at 08:56
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    Working for me on Catilina 10.15.4, I did remove rvm rbenv and then installed rbenv. Then updated my .zshrc , sourced it(aka $ ```source ~/.zshrc```) and then rails installed flawlessly. Thanks for the PATH correction. – Curtis M May 22 '20 at 00:00
  • This worked for me - I use Catalina as well. I didn't want the messiness of using sudo, so thanks! – egremont of yorke Nov 12 '20 at 03:32
  • It works on macOS Catalina 10.15.7 Thank you! – vidalbenjoe Dec 03 '20 at 12:00
107

Just export GEM_HOME:

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"

And then try:

gem install cocoapods
Muhammad Naeem Paracha
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81

As @idleberg mentions, on Mac OS, it is best to install rbenv to avoid permissions errors when using manually installed ruby.

Installation

$ brew update
$ brew install rbenv

Add the following in .bashrc file:

eval "$(rbenv init -)"

Now, we can look at the list of ruby versions available for install

$ rbenv install -l

Install version 2.3.8 for example

$ rbenv install 2.3.8

Now we can use this ruby version globally

$ rbenv global 2.3.8

Finally run

$ rbenv rehash
$ which ruby
/Users/myuser/.rbenv/shims/ruby
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [x86_64-darwin17]

Go for it

Now install bundler

$ gem install bundler

All done!

Mick
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16

Try this:

sudo gem install cocoapods --user-install

Worked for me

Sargis
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15

It's generally recommended to use a version manager like rbenv or rvm. Otherwise, installed Gems will be available as root for other users.

If you know what you're doing, you can use sudo gem install.

idleberg
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12

You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory.

In my case, the issue was related to ruby access some how the ruby path was messed up in my system.

The below steps helped me resolve the problem

  1. Open the terminal

  2. Install ruby using homebrew

[for fresh install] brew install ruby

[for reinstalling] brew reinstall ruby

  1. Check the path of ruby using the below command

    which ruby

  2. It should be installed in the below path

    /usr/bin/ruby

  3. To change the ruby path to the user path

To check which shell is used by your system

echo $0

-zsh

For zshrc

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >>~/.zshrc

For bash

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >>~/~/.bashrc

  1. Quit and relaunch the terminal

  2. After changing the path with step 5

  3. Check for the path of the ruby again (execute step 3 - please make sure the path displays as given below)

/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/ruby

[if you don't quit and launch the terminal, step 4 path will be shown]

  1. This step may not be applicable to everyone can skip step 10 & 11, if you have the correct Cocoapods version installed

Check the version of the pod installed

pod --version

  1. Uninstall the specific version of Cocoapods using the below command

In case the version installed is 1.11.0

gem uninstall cocoapods -v 1.11.0

  1. Install the Cocoapods of the specific version

    gem install cocoapods -v 1.11.0

  2. Change the path to the Project directory cd {path of the project directory}

  3. Install the bundler in the project directory

bundle install

  1. Execute pod install

pod install

Peer Mohamed Thabib
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  • In M1 chip - I got the issue. After step 5 path was not changed a nd again it is showing the step 4 always. What can I do? I have reopened he terminal after quit. but no use. Any specific cmd we use to change the path. – Naresh Jan 19 '23 at 14:49
  • My ruby installed version is `ruby 2.6.8p205 (2021-07-07 revision 67951) [universal.arm64e-darwin21]` – Naresh Jan 19 '23 at 14:55
  • You are herooo! – Rizvan Rzayev Mar 09 '23 at 10:54
10

Run this

$ rbenv init
# Load rbenv automatically by appending
# the following to ~/.zshrc:

eval "$(rbenv init -)"

Follow instructions, (in my case add to ~/.zshrc) ;)


Also important: Changes only take effect if you reboot your console. Two options

  • Enter source <modified file>
  • close and open again
tomasbarrios
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  • I upgraded to Catalina (which switches from bash to zsh) and I forgot to copy everything from `.bash_profile` over to `.zshrc` – wetjosh Jan 12 '20 at 21:06
  • This works! Don't use `sudo`! In case you don't use ZSH, you can add this to your `.profile` or `.bash_profile`. A great way to check if this works is to use `which ruby`, it should point to a path which has `rbenv` and not to `/usr/local/ruby`. – Swaathi Kakarla Dec 21 '20 at 07:23
9

PLEASE USE SUDO WITH CARE!!!!!! ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING!!!!!!!!!!!!

I have faced same issue after install macOS Catalina. I had try below command and its working.

sudo gem update
neoswf
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Arjun Patel
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  • By far the simplest solution for anyone who doesn't want to do a full-blown installation of ruby + package managers + etc etc. – dss May 03 '21 at 05:14
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    You should never ever use `sudo` to install any kind of development dependencies you don't have control over. – Andre Ravazzi Feb 01 '22 at 00:51
6

Try 1 or 2

1 - $ gem install cocoapods
2 - $ sudo gem install cocoapods

if it doesn't work, then export GEM_HOME:

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"

And try again:

gem install cocoapods

Remember the oficial doc says you can use sudo (https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#getting-started).

Mateus Nascimento
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6

To fix this, I ran

brew reinstall ruby

which showed me this message

==> Caveats
==> ruby
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile

So I added these two lines to my ~/.bashrc file

export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin:$PATH"

Then I opened a new Terminal.app window and ran my gem install command again and it worked.

Boris Verkhovskiy
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6

Tested on M1 MacBook Air (assuming Homebrew installed)

Following to the top answer, we can run:

brew install chruby ruby-install

To install the latest stable ruby:

ruby-install ruby

Then get the version number by running:

chruby

In your ~/.zshrc file:

export PATH=/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH
source /opt/homebrew/opt/chruby/share/chruby/chruby.sh
source /opt/homebrew/opt/chruby/share/chruby/auto.sh
chruby 3.1.2

The "3.1.2" is the output I got when running chruby. Make sure you add that one line at the end.

Remember to restart the terminal each time you install a new gem.

Pedro Moreno
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5

If you have installed ruby separately and installed ruby using rbenv/rvm you budler might point to different versions.

try

gem env home

and

ruby -v

both should point to same version.check you have installed ruby using rbenv/rvm, If so delete the ruby version you installed separately.

In order for gem to work, you must invoke rbenv,

rbenv shell <ruby version> 

and

rbenv global <ruby version>

I am not sure how RVM works. Let me know if this works.

Bharathan Kumaran
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4

After install rbenv ,I also have this problem , add this line in my .bashrc :

eval "$(rbenv init -)"

solved my problem.

Tom.Liu
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3

TL;DR

In several occasions, I've solved this kind of errors by just closing my terminal session and opening a new one before retrying the failing command.

Long explanation

In some SOs (such as MacOS) there is already a pre-installed, system-wide version of ruby. If you are using a version manager, such as rbenv or asdf, they work by playing with the environment of your current session so that the relevant commands point to the binaries installed by the version manager.

When installing a new binary, the version manager installs it in a special location, usually somewhere under the user's home directory. It then configures everything in your PATH so that you get the freshly installed binaries when you issue a command, instead of the ones that came with your system. However, if you don't restart the session (there are other ways of getting your environment updated, but that's the easiest one) you don't get the new configuration and you will be using the original installation.

volmedo
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3

I deleted those directories by using the below command

sudo rm -rf \
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/{build_info,cache,doc,extensions,gems} \
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/specifications/*.gemspec \
  /Library/Ruby/Site

then installed cocoa pods using sudo gem install cocoapods and it worked for me. Thanks

3

For latest OS versions

  1. First run sudo xcode-select --switch /
  2. sudo gem install cocoapods --user-install

this did it for me

  • Thank you, you solution works with me, I was looking for this answer to fix cocoapods on my mac! – Basel Mar 16 '23 at 09:09
2

Had the same error because I forgot to run the following after installing ruby:

source ~/.zshrc - or other ~/...rc file depending on your terminal

Boštjan Pišler
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2

rbenv global 2.6.3 helped me solve this problem.

Prerit Jain
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2

for Mac OS 12 and above also for 13 Xcode 14 and above

first you call

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem" after that gem install cocoapods

home its help you ☺️

Syed Hasnain
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1

A different installation of ruby should be used. I use rbenv for that purpose.

# install your version of ruby
$ rbenv install 2.0.0-p247

# modify .ruby_version on current directory
$ rbenv local 2.0.0-p247

# proceed installing gems
$ gem install bundler

Disclamer: I am not a ruby person. This worked for me and if you are a ruby expert and see things to change in this answer, please, go ahead or comment!

aerijman
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1

I was using the below command to install fastlane but didn't worked

gem install fastlane -NV

So using sudo to install gems worked for me and it would be like

sudo gem install fastlane -NV

1
  1. Install homebrew by passing this into your terminal

    /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

  2. Install cocoapods using brew

    brew install cocoapods

thanhbinh84
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1

I try it, and work to me export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin:$PATH export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include" gem install ffi

1

First, run the following command to install Ruby Gems in your user directory:

gem install activesupport -v 6.1.7.3 --user-install

atasumt
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0

Solution for Mac

  1. Install/update RVM with last ruby version

    \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

  2. Install bundler

    gem install bundler


after this two commands (sudo) gem install .... started to work

johndpope
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Vasily Bodnarchuk
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0

Solution for MAC. run the command

sudo gem update    

then type your Mac password when prompted

Martin Brisiak
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0

After trying the previous approaches, this worked for me on Big Sur:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Justin Shenk
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0

After install ruby with rbenv you also need to set global ruby. For that you can do like, rbenv global 3.2.1 then install bundler with gem install bundler. It will work.

Sangam
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0

I messed up with this problem for a few days, finally its working well, thanks to the inspiration from:

  1. BlackRainbow - Setup Jenkins $PATH variable
  2. Moncef Belyamani - Why You Should Never Use sudo to Install Ruby

What Exactly I Do:

  1. Used rbenv to manage my Ruby environment
  2. Open terminal and execute echo $PATH
  3. Copy the result and paste to Jenkinsfile
  4. Re-try to build your pipeline
  5. Thats it, and its working well in my enviroment

Attachment:

Step 1-2 To Configure Ruby & Get Path Env -


Step 2-3 To Configure Jenkinsfile -


Step 4 Build Pipeline -

Avendi Sianipar
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-1

This worked for me on Mac

sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(brew --prefix)/*

Thubz
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-1

I'm using Mojave with rbenv, this solution works for me:

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

Add this line into the file:

if which rbenv > /dev/null; then eval "$(rbenv init -)"; fi
Maya Nastasya
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-1

You need to install rbenv and maintain ruby versions under rbenv.

  1. brew install rbenv
  2. rbenv init
  3. append eval "$(rbenv init -)" to ~/.bash_profile
  4. rbenv install {stable_version_#} you can get version number using rbenv install -L
  5. rbenv global {your_preferred_version_#} command use to switch to ruby versions
  6. rbenv shell {your_preferred_version_#}
  7. gem install {whatever you want gems}

More detail https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv

Sachintha Udara
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-2

Simply doing sudo gem uninstall cocoapods worked for me.

Harsh Phoujdar
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