Regex that can extract all subdomains + domain from an URL and is compatible with RFC 3490

Question

I'm looking for a regex that can extract all subdomains + domain from an URL.

I already found this one from here:

/([a-z0-9|-]+\.)*[a-z0-9|-]+\.[a-z]+/

It's capable of extracting subdomain + domain but unfortunately doesn't care about - in front of a subdomain/domain and also doesn't support non-ASCII characters like specified in RFC 3490

Here are some examples I want to catch:

http://www.例如.中国/
http://www.würstchen.mit.käsebrötchen.de:8080/news/index.html
https://www.fußballspiel.de/
http://www.simulateur-prêt.fr

Did you google that? See e.g. [this](https://gist.github.com/dperini/729294). — ssc-hrep3, Jul 16 '19 at 23:43

Deadmano · Accepted Answer · 2019-07-17T03:34:26.943

I've put together the following regex which I also commented heavily so as to hopefully better describe what is going on. It matches all ASCII, as well as non-ASCII characters and successfully extracts the required information from your examples.

Regex With Example:

const regexp = new RegExp(
  "^" +                     // Ensures a match is found only if it starts at the beginning of a string.
  "(?:^\\w+:\\/\\/)?" +     // Matches a protocol at the beginning of the string, which is optional.
  "(" +                     // The beginning of our capture group.
  "(?:" +                   // The beginning of our sub-domain non-capturing group.
  "(?!-)" +                 // Skips the match if a sub-domain begins with a hyphen.
  "[\\w-]+" +               // Matches one or more words or hyphens.
  "|" +                     // OR
  "[^\\x00-\\x7F]+-*" +     // Matches one or more character that is not in the ASCII character set as well as zero or more hyphens.
  ")+" +                    // The end of our sub-domain non-capturing group, requiring at least one match.
  "\\." +                   // An escaped colon that'll serve as the separator for our sub-domain.
  "(?:" +                   // The beginning of our domain non-capturing group including the colon separator.
  "(?:" +                   // The beginning of our domain non-capturing group excluding the colon separator.
  "(?!-)" +                 // Skips the match if a sub-domain begins with a hyphen.
  "[\\w-]+" +               // Matches one or more words or hyphens.
  "|" +                     // OR
  "[^\\x00-\\x7F]+-*" +     // Matches one or more character that is not in the ASCII character set as well as zero or more hyphens.
  ")+" +                    // The end of our domain non-capturing group excluding the colon separator, requiring at least one match.
  "\\." +                   // An escaped colon that'll serve as the separator for our domain.
  ")*" +                    // The end of our domain non-capturing group, including the colon separator, requiring zero or more matches.
  "(?:" +                   // The beginning of our top-level domain non-capturing group.
  "(?!-)" +                 // Skips the match if a domain begins with a hyphen.
  "[\\w-]+" +               // Matches one or more words or hyphens.
  "|" +                     // OR
  "[^\\x00-\\x7F]+-*" +     // Matches one or more character that is not in the ASCII character set as well as zero or more hyphens.
  ")*" +                    // The end of our top-level domain non-capturing group, requiring zero or more matches.
  ")", "im");               // The end of our capture group, and the end of our regex! Phew! The "gi" is to make the expression global and case-insensitive.

const urls = [
  'http://www.例如.中国/',
  'http://www.würstchen.mit.käsebrötchen.de:8080/news/index.html',
  'https://www.fußballspiel.de/',
  'http://www.simulateur-prêt.fr'
];

const hostnames = urls.map(url => {
  return regexp.exec(url)[1];
})

hostnames.forEach((hostname, index) => {
  console.log('Input:', urls[index], '\nOutput:', hostname);
})

I hope this helps! All of the best!

Nice, I think the part with matching all non-ASCII characters is an elegant solution — christophrus, Jul 17 '19 at 16:46

score 1 · Answer 2 · answered Jul 17 '19 at 02:52

I'm guessing that the following long expression might likely extract our desired subdomains and domains:

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Test

const regex = 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const str = `http://www.例如.中国/
http://www.würstchen.mit.käsebrötchen.de:8080/news/index.html
https://www.fußballspiel.de/
http://www.simulateur-prêt.fr
http://例如.中国/
http://würstchen.mit.käsebrötchen.de:8080/news/index.html
https://fußballspiel.de/
https://simulateur-prêt.fr`;
let m;

while ((m = regex.exec(str)) !== null) {
    // This is necessary to avoid infinite loops with zero-width matches
    if (m.index === regex.lastIndex) {
        regex.lastIndex++;
    }
    
    // The result can be accessed through the `m`-variable.
    m.forEach((match, groupIndex) => {
        console.log(`Found match, group ${groupIndex}: ${match}`);
    });
}

The expression is explained on the top right panel of this demo if you wish to explore/simplify/modify it.

Reference

Javascript + Unicode regexes

Regex that can extract all subdomains + domain from an URL and is compatible with RFC 3490

2 Answers2

Test

Reference