How can I split a string into segments of n characters?

Question

As the title says, I've got a string and I want to split into segments of n characters.

For example:

var str = 'abcdefghijkl';

after some magic with n=3, it will become

var arr = ['abc','def','ghi','jkl'];

Is there a way to do this?

Answer 1

var str = 'abcdefghijkl';
console.log(str.match(/.{1,3}/g));

Note: Use {1,3} instead of just {3} to include the remainder for string lengths that aren't a multiple of 3, e.g:

console.log("abcd".match(/.{1,3}/g)); // ["abc", "d"]

---

A couple more subtleties:

1. If your string may contain newlines (which you want to count as a character rather than splitting the string), then the . won't capture those. Use /[\s\S]{1,3}/ instead. (Thanks @Mike).
2. If your string is empty, then match() will return null when you may be expecting an empty array. Protect against this by appending || [].

So you may end up with:

var str = 'abcdef \t\r\nghijkl';
var parts = str.match(/[\s\S]{1,3}/g) || [];
console.log(parts);

console.log(''.match(/[\s\S]{1,3}/g) || []);

Answer 2

If you didn't want to use a regular expression...

var chunks = [];

for (var i = 0, charsLength = str.length; i < charsLength; i += 3) {
    chunks.push(str.substring(i, i + 3));
}

jsFiddle.

...otherwise the regex solution is pretty good :)

Answer 3

str.match(/.{3}/g); // => ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']

Answer 4

Building on the previous answers to this question; the following function will split a string (str) n-number (size) of characters.

function chunk(str, size) {
    return str.match(new RegExp('.{1,' + size + '}', 'g'));
}

Demo

(function() {
  function chunk(str, size) {
    return str.match(new RegExp('.{1,' + size + '}', 'g'));
  }
  
  var str = 'HELLO WORLD';
  println('Simple binary representation:');
  println(chunk(textToBin(str), 8).join('\n'));
  println('\nNow for something crazy:');
  println(chunk(textToHex(str, 4), 8).map(function(h) { return '0x' + h }).join('  '));
  
  // Utiliy functions, you can ignore these.
  function textToBin(text) { return textToBase(text, 2, 8); }
  function textToHex(t, w) { return pad(textToBase(t,16,2), roundUp(t.length, w)*2, '00'); }
  function pad(val, len, chr) { return (repeat(chr, len) + val).slice(-len); }
  function print(text) { document.getElementById('out').innerHTML += (text || ''); }
  function println(text) { print((text || '') + '\n'); }
  function repeat(chr, n) { return new Array(n + 1).join(chr); }
  function textToBase(text, radix, n) {
    return text.split('').reduce(function(result, chr) {
      return result + pad(chr.charCodeAt(0).toString(radix), n, '0');
    }, '');
  }
  function roundUp(numToRound, multiple) { 
    if (multiple === 0) return numToRound;
    var remainder = numToRound % multiple;
    return remainder === 0 ? numToRound : numToRound + multiple - remainder;
  }
}());

#out {
  white-space: pre;
  font-size: 0.8em;
}

<div id="out"></div>

Answer 5

If you really need to stick to .split and/or .raplace, then use /(?<=^(?:.{3})+)(?!$)/g

For .split:

var arr = str.split( /(?<=^(?:.{3})+)(?!$)/ )
// [ 'abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl' ]

For .replace:

var replaced = str.replace( /(?<=^(?:.{3})+)(?!$)/g, ' || ' )
// 'abc || def || ghi || jkl'

/(?!$)/ is to not stop at end of the string. Without it's:

var arr = str.split( /(?<=^(?:.{3})+)/ )
// [ 'abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl' ] // is fine
var replaced = str.replace( /(?<=^(.{3})+)/g, ' || ')
// 'abc || def || ghi || jkl || ' // not fine

Ignoring group /(?:...)/ is to prevent duplicating entries in the array. Without it's:

var arr = str.split( /(?<=^(.{3})+)(?!$)/ )
// [ 'abc', 'abc', 'def', 'abc', 'ghi', 'abc', 'jkl' ] // not fine
var replaced = str.replace( /(?<=^(.{3})+)(?!$)/g, ' || ' )
// 'abc || def || ghi || jkl' // is fine

Answer 6

My solution (ES6 syntax):

const source = "8d7f66a9273fc766cd66d1d";
const target = [];
for (
    const array = Array.from(source);
    array.length;
    target.push(array.splice(0,2).join(''), 2));

We could even create a function with this:

function splitStringBySegmentLength(source, segmentLength) {
    if (!segmentLength || segmentLength < 1) throw Error('Segment length must be defined and greater than/equal to 1');
    const target = [];
    for (
        const array = Array.from(source);
        array.length;
        target.push(array.splice(0,segmentLength).join('')));
    return target;
}

Then you can call the function easily in a reusable manner:

const source = "8d7f66a9273fc766cd66d1d";
const target = splitStringBySegmentLength(source, 2);

Cheers

Answer 7

var str = 'abcdefghijkl';
var res = str.match(/.../g)
console.log(res)

here number of dots determines how many text you want in each word.

Answer 8

const chunkStr = (str, n, acc) => {     
    if (str.length === 0) {
        return acc
    } else {
        acc.push(str.substring(0, n));
        return chunkStr(str.substring(n), n, acc);
    }
}
const str = 'abcdefghijkl';
const splittedString = chunkStr(str, 3, []);

Clean solution without REGEX

Answer 9

My favorite answer is gouder hicham's. But I revised it a little so that it makes more sense to me.

let myString = "Able was I ere I saw elba";

let splitString = [];
for (let i = 0; i < myString.length; i = i + 3) {
    splitString.push(myString.slice(i, i + 3));
}

console.log(splitString);

Here is a functionalized version of the code.

function stringSplitter(myString, chunkSize) {
    let splitString = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < myString.length; i = i + chunkSize) {
        splitString.push(myString.slice(i, i + chunkSize));
    }
    return splitString;
}

And the function's use:

let myString = "Able was I ere I saw elba";
let mySplitString = stringSplitter(myString, 3);
console.log(mySplitString);

And it's result:

>(9) ['Abl', 'e w', 'as ', 'I e', 're ', 'I s', 'aw ', 'elb', 'a']

Answer 10

try this simple code and it will work like magic !

let letters = "abcabcabcabcabc";
// we defined our variable or the name whatever
let a = -3;
let finalArray = [];
for (let i = 0; i <= letters.length; i += 3) {
    finalArray.push(letters.slice(a, i));
  a += 3;
}
// we did the shift method cause the first element in the array will be just a string "" so we removed it
finalArray.shift();
// here the final result
console.log(finalArray);

Answer 11

function chunk(er){
return er.match(/.{1,75}/g).join('\n');
}

Above function is what I use for Base64 chunking. It will create a line break ever 75 characters.

Answer 12

Here we intersperse a string with another string every n characters:

export const intersperseString = (n: number, intersperseWith: string, str: string): string => {

  let ret = str.slice(0,n), remaining = str;

  while (remaining) {
    let v = remaining.slice(0, n);
    remaining = remaining.slice(v.length);
    ret += intersperseWith + v;
  }

  return ret;

};

if we use the above like so:

console.log(splitString(3,'|', 'aagaegeage'));

we get:

aag|aag|aeg|eag|e

and here we do the same, but push to an array:

export const sperseString = (n: number, str: string): Array<string> => {

  let ret = [], remaining = str;

  while (remaining) {
    let v = remaining.slice(0, n);
    remaining = remaining.slice(v.length);
    ret.push(v);
  }

  return ret;

};

and then run it:

console.log(sperseString(5, 'foobarbaztruck'));

we get:

[ 'fooba', 'rbazt', 'ruck' ]

if someone knows of a way to simplify the above code, lmk, but it should work fine for strings.

Answer 13

Here's a way to do it without regular expressions or explicit loops, although it's stretching the definition of a one liner a bit:

const input = 'abcdefghijlkm';
    
// Change `3` to the desired split length.
const output = input.split('').reduce((s, c) => {
    let l = s.length-1; 
    (s[l] && s[l].length < 3) ? s[l] += c : s.push(c); 
    return s;
}, []);

console.log(output);  // output: [ 'abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jlk', 'm' ]

It works by splitting the string into an array of individual characters, then using Array.reduce to iterate over each character. Normally reduce would return a single value, but in this case the single value happens to be an array, and as we pass over each character we append it to the last item in that array. Once the last item in the array reaches the target length, we append a new array item.

Answer 14

Coming a little later to the discussion but here a variation that's a little faster than the substring + array push one.

// substring + array push + end precalc
var chunks = [];

for (var i = 0, e = 3, charsLength = str.length; i < charsLength; i += 3, e += 3) {
    chunks.push(str.substring(i, e));
}

Pre-calculating the end value as part of the for loop is faster than doing the inline math inside substring. I've tested it in both Firefox and Chrome and they both show speedup.

You can try it here

Answer 15

Some clean solution without using regular expressions:

/**
* Create array with maximum chunk length = maxPartSize
* It work safe also for shorter strings than part size
**/
function convertStringToArray(str, maxPartSize){

  const chunkArr = [];
  let leftStr = str;
  do {

    chunkArr.push(leftStr.substring(0, maxPartSize));
    leftStr = leftStr.substring(maxPartSize, leftStr.length);

  } while (leftStr.length > 0);

  return chunkArr;
};

Usage example - https://jsfiddle.net/maciejsikora/b6xppj4q/.

I also tried to compare my solution to regexp one which was chosen as right answer. Some test can be found on jsfiddle - https://jsfiddle.net/maciejsikora/2envahrk/. Tests are showing that both methods have similar performance, maybe on first look regexp solution is little bit faster, but judge it Yourself.

Answer 16

function str_split(string, length = 1) {
    if (0 >= length)
        length = 1;
    
    if (length == 1)
        return string.split('');

    var string_size = string.length;
    var result = [];

    for (let i = 0; i < string_size / length; i++)
        result[i] = string.substr(i * length, length);

    return result;
}

str_split(str, 3)

• Benchmark: http://jsben.ch/HkjlU (results differ per browser)

Results (Chrome 104)

Answer 17

I was looking for a solution to convert a number like 1000000 to 1,000,000 and I definitely don't want to keep running heavy Regex operations, slowing down my code.

Alex's solution was perfect (among all the regex based solutions!). I've modified and wrapped that up into a function that can format a number into thousand-separated number:

function thouSep(str, delim=","){

    var chunks = [];
    str+=""

    for (var i = str.length; i >0; i -= 3) {
        chunks.push(str.substring(i-3, i));
    }
    
    f = chunks.reverse().join(delim)
    return f
}

Usage:

thouSep(100000) => "100,000"
thouSep(10000)  =>  "10,000"
thouSep(10)     =>  "10"

thouSep(1000000)  =>  "1,000,000"

thouSep("Fabulous", "-") => "Fa-bul-ous"

Possible improvements:

1. Account for decimals: 12345.6789 => 12,345.6789
2. Ability to vary length of segments, instead of just 3s.

Answer 18

var b1 = ""; 

function myFunction(n) { 
  if(str.length>=3){
    var a = str.substring(0,n);
    b1 += a+ "\n"
    str = str.substring(n,str.length)
    myFunction(n) 
  } 
  else { 
    if(str.length>0){
      b1 += str 
    }
    
    console.log(b1)
  } 
}
      
myFunction(4)