R Multiple Lines on a Chart

Question

I am trying to place 3 columns onto a line chart. But while I can create the chart the lines are not being drawn correctly.

Below are some data and the two different ways I've tried to create the charts.

any help is great;y appreciated.

Data:

structure(list(Year = c("2017-08", "2017-09", "2017-10", "2017-11", 
"2017-12", "2018-01", "2018-02", "2018-03", "2018-04", "2018-05", 
"2018-06", "2018-07", "2018-08", "2018-09", "2018-10", "2018-11", 
"2018-12", "2019-01", "2019-02", "2019-03", "2019-04", "2019-05", 
"2019-06", "2019-07", "2019-08", "2019-09", "2019-10", "2019-11", 
"2019-12", "2020-01", "2020-02", "2020-03", "2020-04", "2020-05", 
"2020-06", "2020-07", "2020-08"), Order.Comment.1 = structure(c(2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("", "BR", "BST", "CG", "CN", "CT", 
"DM", "DR", "EM", "EMR", "EMURG", "ENDOC", "EYE", "FF", "GI", 
"GYN", "GYNAE", "HAEM", "HN", "ICC", "LBX", "LYMPH", "MN", "MOHS", 
"NEUR", "NEURO", "NO REPORT ISSUED", "PAED", "PAEDGI", "PERI", 
"PG", "RE", "SK", "TEST PATIENT", "UGI", "UR", "URGI"), class = "factor"), 
    P.Less.3 = c(50.8250825082508, 53.7906137184115, 54.8172757475083, 
    47.6190476190476, 51.8939393939394, 56.508875739645, 52.2900763358779, 
    49.3421052631579, 43.3447098976109, 50.4918032786885, 50.1501501501502, 
    49.7206703910614, 47.5409836065574, 46.0264900662252, 45.6896551724138, 
    47.2312703583062, 44.3965517241379, 57.8313253012048, 49.8098859315589, 
    48.6013986013986, 49.0566037735849, 45.3531598513011, 49.063670411985, 
    53.8961038961039, 50, 43.5810810810811, 45, 47.3509933774834, 
    43.4782608695652, 39.041095890411, 36.9649805447471, 43.2515337423313, 
    39.5522388059701, 54.6875, 46.2765957446808, 36.1990950226244, 
    40.7216494845361), P.Less.7 = c(87.7887788778878, 89.1696750902527, 
    89.0365448504983, 88.8888888888889, 87.8787878787879, 92.603550295858, 
    89.6946564885496, 87.8289473684211, 84.641638225256, 83.6065573770492, 
    83.1831831831832, 87.1508379888268, 89.0710382513661, 79.8013245033112, 
    79.3103448275862, 83.3876221498371, 81.0344827586207, 87.9518072289157, 
    82.8897338403042, 87.0629370629371, 81.8867924528302, 86.2453531598513, 
    82.7715355805243, 88.961038961039, 87.1428571428571, 83.7837837837838, 
    83.8888888888889, 84.1059602649007, 78.9855072463768, 84.5890410958904, 
    84.4357976653696, 84.6625766871166, 84.3283582089552, 91.40625, 
    79.7872340425532, 76.9230769230769, 72.680412371134), P.Less.10 = c(97.3597359735974, 
    97.4729241877256, 99.3355481727575, 98.4126984126984, 96.2121212121212, 
    98.5207100591716, 97.3282442748092, 97.3684210526316, 96.5870307167236, 
    94.0983606557377, 96.0960960960961, 96.3687150837989, 96.9945355191257, 
    92.3841059602649, 92.2413793103448, 95.4397394136808, 93.5344827586207, 
    95.1807228915663, 95.0570342205323, 97.9020979020979, 94.7169811320755, 
    95.1672862453532, 94.0074906367041, 95.7792207792208, 96.4285714285714, 
    95.6081081081081, 94.7222222222222, 95.364238410596, 93.8405797101449, 
    95.8904109589041, 95.7198443579767, 96.9325153374233, 94.7761194029851, 
    96.875, 95.2127659574468, 92.3076923076923, 85.0515463917526
    )), row.names = c(NA, 37L), class = "data.frame")

Way 1:

ggplot(Mth_TaT_Data, aes(x=Year, group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.3), color = "darkred") + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.7), color="steelblue", linetype="twodash")+ 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.10), color="sienna1", linetype="dashed")+
  ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

Way 2:

df <- Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  select(Year, Order.Comment.1,P.Less.3, P.Less.7, P.Less.10) %>%
  gather(key = "variable", value = "value", -Year, -Order.Comment.1)

ggplot(df, aes(x = Year, y = value,group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(color = variable))+
ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

Hi James, can you please clarify how your requested output is different than the output provided by ["Way 1"](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qZ2pm.png) above? Perhaps you could mock it up in Paint or Preview? — Ian Campbell, Oct 13 '20 at 13:57
in way 2 write `group = variable` instead of `group = "BR"` and it will show a chart similar to way 1 — Edo, Oct 13 '20 at 13:59
@Edo I've added what Way 1 looks like when I run it from the master data (the dput is just a smaller version of the larger data I'm working with) — James Slasor, Oct 13 '20 at 14:42
@IanCampbell I've included an example of what the chart looks like when I run the code with Way 1 — James Slasor, Oct 13 '20 at 14:43

score 1 · Answer 1 · answered Oct 13 '20 at 14:31

1

Following the comments of our valious colleages, it is bizarre what you want. If you want one line per column the strategy you followed in the first plot might be right. Maybe you want to see each line in a legend, so an approach reshaping data with tidyverse would work. Here the code:

library(tidyverse)
#Code
Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  pivot_longer(-c(1,2)) %>%
  mutate(name=factor(name,levels=unique(name),ordered = T)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Year, y=value,group = name,color=name,linetype=name)) + 
  geom_line()+
  scale_color_manual(values=c("darkred","steelblue","sienna1"))+
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("solid","twodash","dashed"))+
  ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))+
  labs(color='Column',linetype='Column')

Output:

answered Oct 13 '20 at 14:31

Duck

39,058
13
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I get the error message 'Error: Insufficient values in manual scale. 15 needed but only 3 provided.' and I think its to do with the 'pivot_longer(-c(1,2))' as this is deleting the first and second of the 5 parts of the data extract. If I do a data.frame containing these columns only and then run this would that be an idea. – James Slasor Oct 13 '20 at 15:02
@JamesSlasor Hi James, it is not removing the vars, that is keeping. You have 15 columns in your data so make this change, add 15 colors or try with a sample of columns to test initially what you get!. – Duck Oct 13 '20 at 15:06

score 0 · Accepted Answer · answered Oct 13 '20 at 14:35

This type of problems generally has to do with reshaping the data. The format should be the long format and the data is in wide format, like the question itself shows the OP is trying to do in way 2. See also this post on how to reshape the data from wide to long format.

In the code below I first create three vectors:

lvls is a vector of the column names that start with "P", to be used as the levels of the long format column variable and as the names of the two other vectors that are created;
linetp is a named vector of line types;
colr is a named vector of (line) colors.

And the final code is therefore a bit longer than the question's.

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

lvls <- grep("^P", names(Mth_TaT_Data), value = TRUE)
linetp <- setNames(c("solid", "twodash", "dashed"), lvls)
colr <- setNames(c("darkred", "steelblue", "sienna1"), lvls)


Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  mutate(Year = paste(Year, "01", sep = "-"),
         Year = zoo::as.yearmon(Year)) %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = starts_with('P'),
    names_to = 'variable',
    values_to = 'value'
  ) %>%
  mutate(variable = factor(variable, levels = lvls)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Year, y = value)) + 
  geom_line(aes(linetype = variable, color = variable)) +
  ggtitle("Test") +
  scale_color_manual(values = colr) +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = linetp) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

That doesn't work for me I get the below error message ''Error: Problem with `mutate()` input `Year`. x there is no package called ‘zoo’ i Input `Year` is `zoo::as.yearmon(Year)`.' — James Slasor, Oct 13 '20 at 14:54
@JamesSlasor Try `as.Date` instead of `zoo::as.yearmon`. The latter outputs dates of year and month (no days), like in the test data set. — Rui Barradas, Oct 13 '20 at 15:00
Massive help. It looked like I needed to filter my data down to what I had in my output above, and not try and shoehorn it into the whole actual data set. — James Slasor, Oct 18 '20 at 08:27

R Multiple Lines on a Chart

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