How to deploy JavaFX 15 Code to JAR with Java 15

Question

I have a Problem with Deploying my JavaFX Project to a .jar or .exe File to easily execute it (and achive the Project Requirements). I am trying to get it to work as a .jar File because I think thats the easier Way to go but maybe I am wrong so it would be awesome if you could help me solve this Problem.

I already tried using the Artifacts from Intellij but this is not working. I get an Errormessage which says "Error: JavaFX runtime components are missing, and are required to run this application". Then I tried using another Way which I found on the Internet: https://github.com/openjfx/samples/tree/master/CommandLine/Non-modular/CLI but this is resulting in exactly the same message when trying to package it to a .jar File.

All of the above I tried on my existing Project and on a completely new one with nothing inside except the prewirtten Stuff from Intellij when you create a new JavaFX Project.

My Project exists of nothing like Maven or Gradle, I just have a basic JavaFX Project (JavaFX 15 and Java 15) with one additional Library: org.json:json version 20201115

I hope these Informations are enough for you to understand my Problem and hopefully help me, but if not just ask for what you need and I will do my best to provide it to you.

Thanks for helping :)

Best Regards

Maxi

Edit: Errormessage associated to comment below

Graphics Device initialization failed for :  d3d, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(QuantumRenderer.java:280)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(QuantumToolkit.java:244)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:261)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:267)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:158)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:658)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:409)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:363)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:64)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1071)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(QuantumRenderer.java:94)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:124)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:64)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1071)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:273)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:267)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:158)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:658)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:409)
        at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:363)
        ... 5 more

Answer 1

this might not concern your particular situation, but maybe it can give you a hint.

Short explanation

I solved the "Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found" by manually including library-files to the fat JAR and adding them to the classpath, which is used for execution, with the assistance of Gradle. I included:

• the required openJFX-JARs from my system's openJFX installation
• the accompanying C++ libraries like the renderer libprism_sw.so (*.so on linux, *.dll on Windows)

The hint for the libs came from JavaFX on Linux is showing a "Graphics Device initialization failed for : es2, sw"

• "The problem can be in your old JRE version, which doesn't contain all the necessary libraries, such as libprism_es2.so or libglass.so, which should be located in /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64."
• ...
• "Download latest JRE from the official Oracle website and copy lib folder to your current JRE location. That should be enough."

---

Full explanation

"Error initializing QuantumRenderer" Problem

I had a similar problem with a fat JAR filled with several JFX-example classes from the code for a Java-book. The project uses Gradle for build management and runs the JFX-examples using the fat JAR (build/libs/Java-Profi-all.jar).

The "Error initializing QuantumRenderer" appeared when I tried to execute a simple HelloWorld example for JFX (FirstJavaFxExample) on the command line using bin/java of my current JRE without using Gradle. I almost solved the issue with the hints on JavaFX on Linux is showing a "Graphics Device initialization failed for : es2, sw" , but I got stuck on the same error in the end. Even if I added the required openJFX-JARs and accompanying C++ libraries in the fat JAR and to the classpath via "-cp ...:projectdir/build/requiredLibs".

Used command:

/usr/lib64/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=US -Duser.language=en -Duser.variant -Dprism.verbose=true -cp projectdir/build/libs/Java-Profi-all.jar:projectdir/build/requiredLibs ch14_javafx.basics.FirstJavaFxExample

Error:

Prism pipeline init order: es2 sw 
Using java-based Pisces rasterizer
Using dirty region optimizations
Not using texture mask for primitives
Not forcing power of 2 sizes for textures
Using hardware CLAMP_TO_ZERO mode
Opting in for HiDPI pixel scaling
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
Loading ES2 native library ... prism_es2
GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline failed for com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Can't load library: projectdir/build/libs/amd64/libprism_es2.so
*** Fallback to Prism SW pipeline
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.sw.SWPipeline
GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline failed for com.sun.prism.sw.SWPipeline
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Can't load library: projectdir/build/libs/amd64/libprism_sw.so
Graphics Device initialization failed for :  es2, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found

Found solutions with Gradle

I found two solutions, only the first using a fat JAR:

1. quick-n-dirty solution with pseudo-launcher class using fat JAR
2. long term solution with Jmods/modularization (not working with fat JAR for me)

I couln't make the long term solution work with the fat JAR Java-Profi-all.jar. Anyway you can find further infos about the modular solution here:

• "Make your app modular" on https://edencoding.com/runtime-components-error/
• How to fix "Error: JavaFX runtime components are missing, and are required to run this application" : "In short, you have to compile / run by adding the javafx modules in, either as options passed on the command line, or using a modular project."
• Gradle solution without using the Gradle-plugin org.openjfx.javafxplugin : Task 'run' causes: org.joor.ReflectException: java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: javaExecHandleBuilder - Gluon Mobile Project

quick-n-dirty solution with fat JAR

In order to execute the class ch14_javafx.basics.FirstJavaFxExample with Gradle I wrote the class JfxEdencodingDirtyFixLauncher in the same package:

package ch14_javafx.basics;

public class JfxEdencodingDirtyFixLauncher {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        FirstJavaFxExample.main(args);
    }
}

Additionally I made the following modifications on build.gradle:

A) Ensuring the fitting JRE-version for the used openjfx-version.

sourceCompatibility=1.11
targetCompatibility=1.11

B) manually including the openjfx-JARs and C++ libraries (*.so) to the build-configuration (due to my linux installation):

dependencies
{
...
    compile fileTree('/usr/local/manuell/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/') { include '*.jar' }
    runtime fileTree('/usr/local/manuell/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/') { include '*' } // also inlcude *.so files for JNI-access
...

The gradle.build-script later copies these *.jar and *.so files to a the subfolder requiredLibs and adds them to the classpath when building the JAR jar:

...
task copyRequiredLibs(type: Copy) {
   from configurations.runtime
   into "$buildDir/libs/requiredLibs"
}


jar {
  dependsOn copyRequiredLibs
  
  baseName = "Java-Profi-all"
  
  manifest {
    attributes(
               "Created-By"             : "Michael Inden",
                    "Specification-Title"    : "Java-Profi",
                    "Specification-Version"  : "3",
                    "Specification-Vendor"   : "Michael Inden",
                    "Implementation-Title"   : "Java-Profi",
                    "Implementation-Version" : "3",
                    "Implementation-Vendor"  : "Michael Inden",      
      "Class-Path": configurations.runtime.collect { "requiredLibs/" + it.getName() }.join(' '))
  }
  
  // JAR-Dateien mit aufnehmen, dann kann man diese bei Bedarf separat entpacken
  into('requiredLibs') {
    FileCollection collection = files("$buildDir/libs/requiredLibs")
    from { collection.collect { it } }
  }  
...

For execution of the fat JAR with custom gradle tasks, I added a task definition to the predefined appTasks.txt file:

task JfxEdencodingDirtyFixLauncher              (dependsOn: jar, group: 'Java_Profi_Chapter_14') {doLast { executeClass("ch14_javafx.basics.JfxEdencodingDirtyFixLauncher")  }} 

This task can then be executed using the fat JAR with this command:

gradle JfxEdencodingDirtyFixLauncher

See also:

• "Fixing Runtime Components in the short term" on https://edencoding.com/runtime-components-error/ !
• JavaFX 11 : Create a jar file with Gradle : "The final goal is to have the JavaFX modules as named modules on the module path, and this looks like a quick/ugly workaround to test your application. For distribution I'd still suggest the above mentioned solutions."
• Error: JavaFX runtime components are missing, and are required to run this application in eclipse