"Dirty Rectangle" is a graphics programming term that refers to the portion of a screen that must be redrawn after an action, such as a moved window.
Dirty Rectangles, sometimes called "Refresh Rectangles", are portions of the screen that must be redrawn after a change in the program's state. It is computationally expensive to blit (copy) a screen buffer to the entire screen; if only a small portion of the screen needs to be updated, it is more efficient to redraw only this "dirty" portion.
Questions with this tag are often focused on the detection of dirty rectangles or the calculation of their dimensions, and may implicate the graphics tag.