A container for images, plots or other graphical elements with some optional meta-information.
A figure is a container that encompasses graphical elements in a larger context.
Matlab
From the official docs:
A figure is a MATLAB window that contains graphic displays (usually data plots) and UI components. You create figures explicitly with the figure function, and implicitly whenever you plot graphics and no figure is active."
LaTeX
A figure
is a kind of float, a container for things that can't be split over different pages. A figure
is define with the equally named environment.
HTML5
The
<figure>
Element represents self-contained content, frequently with a caption (), and is typically referenced as a single unit. (From the Mozilla HTML docs)