Raspberry Pi OS, not to be confused with Raspbian, is the RPi Foundation's operating system for Raspberry Pi single-board computers. It exists in both 32 bit and 64 bit variants, and supports Raspberry Pi 1 through 4 and Zero.
While former versions of the OS Images supplied by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, before the release of the 64 bit-capable RPi3 and 4, were based on Raspbian, in many cases it's important to distinguish the two: The 64 bit-era versions of Raspberry Pi OS are not a Raspbian derivative.
Source: Tom's Hardware, Source: personal discussions with Peter Green