Reader-writer Lock
Reader-writer lock is a synchronization mechanism used in concurrent programming to control access to shared resources. It is designed to allow multiple readers to access a shared resource simultaneously while ensuring that only one writer can modify the resource at any given time. When a writer is working on the resource, no readers can access it.
Use Case
Consider a database that is accessed by multiple threads simultaneously. In this scenario, multiple threads may need to read data from the database, but only one thread should be allowed to write data to the database at any given time. If you don't use any synchronization, you will face dirty, non-repeatable and/or phantom reads. And if you use a reader-writer lock, you'll achieve the best performance (using traditional synchronization, where only one thread is allowed to access the database at a given time, would be too strict and hence damaging performance, since it's harmless for the database to be read by multiple readers simultaneously).
Learn More
You can learn more about this synchronization mechanism at the dedicated Wikipedia article.