Refers to PowerManager.WakeLock, a class from the Android SDK belonging to package android.os. Its responsibility is requesting CPU resources in the context of power management. If no wake locks are taken, Android will shut down the CPU.
The Android Operating System uses its own power management scheme, built on top of the standard Linux one. Since it's mobile-oriented, one of its main goals is to avoid wasting CPU cycles (i.e. power) if no application is running.
That's why every application must request CPU resources, using wake locks. If no wake lock is taken, Android will shut down the CPU in order to save power.
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