The Windows Process Activation Service (WAS) manages the activation and lifetime of the worker processes that contain applications that host WCF services. For Websphere AS, please use [websphere] tag.
Excerpt from MSDN: Hosting in Windows Process Activation Service:
"The Windows Process Activation Service (WAS) manages the activation and lifetime of the worker processes that contain applications that host Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services. The WAS process model generalizes the IIS 6.0 process model for the HTTP server by removing the dependency on HTTP. This allows WCF services to use both HTTP and non-HTTP protocols, such as Net.TCP, in a hosting environment that supports message-based activation and offers the ability to host a large number of applications on a given machine."
This allows for the development, hosting and lifetime management of services that implement a wide range of transport channels. For example, Tibco EMS messaging.