TOGO
Native name
Toyo Goraku Ki Kabushiki Kaisha
FormerlyToyo Gorakuki
IndustryAmusement rides
Founded1935 (1935)
FounderTeiichi Yamada
DefunctJuly 2001 (July 2001)
FateBankruptcy
Area served
Worldwide (Excluding Western Hemisphere)
ProductsRoller coasters
Websitehttp://www.tohgo.co.jp/
Fujiyama, a TOGO hypercoaster

TOGO (株式会社トーゴ, Kabushiki-gaisha Tōgo) was a Japanese amusement ride company that built roller coasters, giant wheels, carousels, flumes, dark rides, sky cycles and other amusement rides.

History

In 1935 Mr. Teiichi Yamada founded the Toyo Gorakuki Company and built his first attraction, a five-foot mechanical walking elephant that was a popular attraction at one of Tokyo's neighborhood parks.[1] Yamada reorganized his company in 1949 and changed the name to TOGO. TOGO built its first roller coaster in 1953, at Hanayashiki Park in Tokyo. That coaster is still in operation and is the oldest coaster in Japan.[1]

In 1965 TOGO built Cyclone at Toshimaen Park, which at the time, was the largest coaster in Asia. The company also began to expand its export business, selling coasters in Russia, Cuba and China.[1] Although the company built a variety of different rides in Japan, its export business was primarily roller coasters. In 1979, TOGO installed standup trains on two of its existing coasters in Japan, Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster at Yomiuriland and Dangai at Thrill Valley, creating the world's first stand-up roller coasters. These two installations captured the attention of Taft/Kings Entertainment company, who then purchased TOGO's Astro-Comet, the world's first coaster designed from the ground up as a stand-up roller coaster, installing at Kings Island as King Cobra.[1]

In 1986 TOGO developed the Ultra Twister Coaster. This unique concept had rails on the side of the vehicle allowing the coaster to perform true heartline rolls as it navigated the course. TOGO also incorporated a vertical lift hill and near-vertical drop into the ride.[2] TOGO built seven of these models, all similar, but not identical to each other. The original versions were not capable of making turns, so all seven operated as shuttles. However, TOGO did display a full-circuit model at the IAAPA trade show in the mid-1990s that was capable of making turns, but the ride was never built.[2] In the fall of 1989, Arrow Dynamics began building a similar concept called the Pipeline, which failed to get past the prototype stage.[3]

TOGO went bankrupt in 2001 due to a lawsuit by Knott's Berry Farm for problems with their Windjammer Surf Racers roller coaster. TOGO created several unique coasters, including its combination of a looping sit-down coaster and a hypercoaster with its Manhattan Express coaster in Las Vegas (now known as "The Big Apple Coaster"). The looping wild mouse by TOGO was a style of ride with a drop into a vertical loop, followed by the hairpin turns and drops of a wild mouse coaster. The former Windjammer coaster at Knott's berry Farm was a variation of the looping wild mouse; it didn't feature any hairpin turns.

TOGO is also renowned for inventing the Twist-and-Dive roll, an inversion maneuver that combines elements of a half-heartline roll with a half-loop. A version of this maneuver included a half-oblique loop instead of a half-loop, so riders exited the element at an angle. This was used on the now-defunct Viper at Six Flags Great Adventure.

In 2018, TOGO announced a possible comeback after releasing a concept of their new stand up coaster model.

Notable rides

  • Bandit at Yomiuriland – It was the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world when it opened in 1988 and inspired Richard Kinzel of Cedar Point to build Magnum XL 200.[4]
  • Big Apple Coaster at New York-New York Hotel & Casino (first opened in 1997 as the "Manhattan Express").
  • Freestyle is a stand-up roller coaster operating at Cavallino Matto in Tuscany, Italy. It opened as the park's fifth roller coaster on 18 July 2015. Freestyle originally opened at Canada's Wonderland in 1985 as SkyRider
  • Fujiyama – A hypercoaster at Fuji-Q Highland, Japan. Until 2000, it was the tallest roller coaster in the world.
  • King Cobra at Kings Island (1984–2001) – The world's first coaster designed specifically to be a stand-up looping coaster. It was taken down and scrapped after TOGO went out of business, making parts very expensive.
  • ShockwaveKings Dominion, Doswell, Virginia. Built in 1986 Specifically for Kings Dominion, was retired August 9, 2015.
  • SkyRiderCanada's Wonderland Opening date May 1985, retired in 2014 dismantled and sent to Italy.
  • Ultra Twister – A pipeline roller coaster that uses single cars that ride between the rails. Because of the design, the cars are unable to make lateral turns and require switch tracks at either end of the ride.
  • Viper at Six Flags Great Adventure – A roller coaster that featured a unique heartline roll. The ride was scrapped in 2005, and its station was re-used for El Toro.
  • White Canyon at Yomiuriland – White Canyon was the tallest and longest Cyclone-style roller coaster in the world before it closed in 2013.
  • Windjammer Surf Racers at Knott's Berry Farm – a twin racing coaster with 65-foot vertical loops. This coaster was a massive failure, and part of the lawsuits would lead to TOGO's bankruptcy.

List of roller coasters


As of 2019, TOGO has built 61 roller coasters around the world.[5]

NameModelParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
Jet CoasterSitdown CoasterNagashima Spa LandJapan JapanUnknownOperating[6]
Diving ShooterSitdown CoasterItozu No Mori ParkJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[7]
Cycle CoasterCycle CoasterEnakyo WonderlandJapan JapanUnknownOperating[8]
Jet CoasterSitdown CoasterKagoshima Jungle LandJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[9]
Crazy MouseLooping Mouse IIKagoshima Jungle LandJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[10]
Jungle MouseWild Mouse CoasterYoshinogawa YuenchiJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[11]
Rushing CarRushing CarTokyo Summer LandJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[12]
Rushing CarRushing CarTengu LandJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[13]
Rushing CarRushing CarOdakyu Mukogaoka YuenJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[14]
Rushing CarWild Mouse CoasterKashiikaen YuenchiJapan JapanUnknownRemoved[15]
Unknown
Formerly Ultra Twister
Ultra Twister ISix Flags America
Six Flags AstroWorld
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States United StatesUnknown
1990 to 2005
1986 to 1988
Removed[16]
[17]
[18]
Roller CoasterSitdown CoasterHanayashikiJapan Japan1953Operating[19]
Sea CoasterSitdown CoasterYatsu YuenchiJapan Japan1958Removed[20]
CycloneSitdown CoasterToshimaenJapan Japan1965Removed[21]
2WAY CoasterSitdown CoasterTokyo Dome CityJapan Japan1968Removed[22]
Diving CoasterSitdown CoasterGrinPaJapan Japan1973Removed[23]
BobsterBobsterTakakonuma GreenlandJapan Japan1973Removed[24]
Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster
Formerly Standing and Loop Coaster
Standing Coaster Astro Comet IIYomiurilandJapan Japan1979Removed[25]
Crazy MouseLooping Mouse IITobu Zoo ParkJapan Japan1981Removed[26]
BobsterBobsterShirakaba Resort Family Land
Nakajima Park
Japan Japan1982
1974 to 1981
Operating[27]
[28]
King CobraStanding Coaster Astro CometKings IslandUnited States United States1984Removed[29]
Standing CoasterStanding Coaster Astro Comet IIRusutsu Resort
Otaru Expo
Japan Japan1985
1984
Operating[30]
[31]
Montaña RusaBobsterParque LeninCuba Cuba1985Removed[32]
ShockwaveStanding Coaster CustomKings DominionUnited States United States1986Removed[33]
Pink Typhoon Standing Coaster
Formerly Star Jet
Standing Coaster Astro CometBrazilian Park Washuzan Highland
Tsukuba Expo
Japan Japan1986
1985
Operating[34]
[35]
Ultra TwisterUltra Twister ITokyo Dome CityJapan Japan1986Removed[36]
Loop Screw CoasterSitdown CoasterSeibuen YuenchiJapan Japan1986Removed[37]
Roller CoasterLoop & CorkscrewBeijing Amusement ParkChina China1987Removed[38]
BanditSitdown CoasterYomiurilandJapan Japan1988Operating[39]
SL CoasterSitdown CoasterYomiurilandJapan Japan1988Removed[40]
Zola 7Sitdown CoasterFuji-Q HighlandJapan Japan1988Removed[41]
Ultra TwisterUltra Twister INagashima Spa LandJapan Japan1989Operating[42]
SL CoasterSitdown CoasterMinamichita Beach Land & Minamichita Toy KingdomJapan Japan1989Removed[43]
DangaiStanding Coaster CustomThrill ValleyJapan Japan1989Removed[44]
Super Roller CoasterSitdown CoasterFantasy Dome TomakomaiJapan Japan1990Removed[45]
Milky Way
Formerly Fujin-Raijin
Formerly Ultra Twin
Formerly Fujin-Raijin
Standing Coaster CustomGreenland
International Flower and Greenery Exposition
Japan Japan1991
1990
Operating[46]
Ultra TwisterUltra Twister IBrazilian Park Washuzan HighlandJapan Japan1991Operating[47]
Fujin Raijin IIStanding Coaster CustomExpolandJapan Japan1992Removed[48]
GeopanicSitdown CoasterTokyo Dome CityJapan Japan1992Removed[49]
DIOSSitdown CoasterOdakyu Mukogaoka YuenJapan Japan1992Removed[50]
Aladdin CoasterSitdown CoasterAlibaba CityJapan Japan1992Removed[51]
Surf Coaster Leviathan
Formerly Surf Coaster
Sitdown CoasterSea ParadiseJapan Japan1993Operating[52]
Ultra TwisterUltra Twister S-IIRusutsu Resort
World Food Festival
Japan Japan1989
1988
Operating[53]
[54]
UnknownSitdown CoasterFantasy Dome SeiroJapan Japan1994Removed[55]
Vegas PanicLooping Mouse CustomFantasy Dome KishiwadaJapan Japan1994Removed[56]
Ultra Twister MegatonUltra Twister IGreenlandJapan Japan1994Operating[57]
White CanyonWooden CoasterYomiurilandJapan Japan1994Removed[58]
ClipperSitdown CoasterSpace WorldJapan Japan1995Removed[59]
ViperMega CoasterSix Flags Great AdventureUnited States United States1995Removed[60]
FujiyamaSitdown CoasterFuji-Q HighlandJapan Japan1996Operating[61]
Mega CoasterMega CoasterHamanako Pal PalJapan Japan1997Operating[62]
Big Apple Coaster
Formerly The Roller Coaster
Formerly Manhattan Express
Mega CoasterNew York, New York Hotel & CasinoUnited States United States1997Operating[63]
Windjammer Surf Racers
Formerly Jammer
Looping Mouse CustomKnott's Berry FarmUnited States United States1997Removed[64]
Kiddy ShuttleKiddy ShuttleThrill ValleyJapan Japan1998Removed[65]
Crazy MouseLooping Mouse IIKitami Family LandJapan Japan2000Operating[66]
Hyper Kid CoasterSitdown CoasterFantasy DomeJapan Japan2000Closed[67]
Flounder's Flying Fish CoasterSitdown CoasterTokyo DisneySeaJapan Japan2001Operating[68]
Actpo KometaSitdown CoasterMaviland
Metalworkers' Palace
Russia Russia2002
1992 to 2000
Removed[69]
[70]
Go Go SneakerSitdown CoasterRusutsu Resort
Kintetsu Ayameike
Japan Japan2005
Unknown
Operating[71]
[72]
Hurricane - Screw & Loop Coaster
Formerly Tornado
Loop & CorkscrewHimeji Central Park
Kintetsu Ayameike
Japan Japan2007
1981 to 2004
Operating[73]
[74]
Ultra Coaster
Formerly Ultra Twister
Ultra Twister IMarah Land Sabahiya
Ikoma Skyland
Kuwait Kuwait2008
2004 to 2006
Removed[75]
[76]
Bledek Coaster
Formerly Loop & Cork
Looping Mouse ISuroboyo Carnival Night Market
Jawa Timur Park 2
Maruyama KidLand
Nakajima Park
Indonesia Indonesia2014
Unknown
1995 to 2010
1982 to 1994
Removed[77][78]
[79]
[80]
[81]
Grand Canyon
Formerly Cobra
Formerly Kiddy Shuttle
Kiddy ShuttleParc de la Vallée
Lunapark Fréjus
Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen
France France2014
2004 to 2011
1998 to 2002
Operating[82]
[83]
[84]
Freestyle
Formerly SkyRider
Standing Coaster Astro CometCavallino Matto
Canada's Wonderland
Italy Italy2015
1985 to 2014
Operating[85]
[86]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Ruben, Paul (1988). "Innovative thrills from TOGO". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 9, no. 3. Chicago, Illinois: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 50–53. ISSN 0896-7261.
  2. 1 2 Seifert, Jeffrey (2007). "The first pipeline coaster — Ultra Twister". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 28, no. 2. Zanesville, Ohio: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 50–53. ISSN 0896-7261.
  3. "1990 Arrow Dynamics announces the 'Pipeline Coaster'". 25 November 2007.
  4. Holmes, Scott; Holmes, Carol (2009). "20 years of Magnum". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 30, no. 4. Zanesville, Ohio: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 4–11. ISSN 0896-7261.
  5. TOGO - rcdb.com
  6. Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  7. Marden, Duane. "Diving Shooter  (Itozu No Mori Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  8. Marden, Duane. "Cycle Coaster  (Enakyo Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  9. Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster  (Kagoshima Jungle Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  10. Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse  (Kagoshima Jungle Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  11. Marden, Duane. "Jungle Mouse  (Yoshinogawa Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  12. Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car  (Tokyo SummerLand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  13. Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car  (Tengu Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  14. Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car  (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  15. Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car  (Kashiikaen Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  16. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Six Flags America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  17. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  18. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  19. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Hanayashiki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  20. Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster  (Yatsu Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  21. Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  22. Marden, Duane. "2Way Coaster  (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  23. Marden, Duane. "Diving Coaster  (GrinPa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  24. Marden, Duane. "Bobster  (Takakonuma Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  25. Marden, Duane. "Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster  (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  26. Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse  (Tobu Zoo Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  27. Marden, Duane. "Bobster  (Shirakaba Resort Family Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  28. Marden, Duane. "Bobster  (Nakajima Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  29. Marden, Duane. "King Cobra  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  30. Marden, Duane. "Standing Coaster  (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  31. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Otaru Expo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  32. Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Parque Lenin)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  33. Marden, Duane. "Shockwave  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  34. Marden, Duane. "Star Jet  (Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  35. Marden, Duane. "Star Jet  (Tsukuba Expo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  36. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  37. Marden, Duane. "Loop Screw  (Seibuen Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  38. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Beijing Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  39. Marden, Duane. "Bandit  (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  40. Marden, Duane. "SL Coaster  (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  41. Marden, Duane. "Zola 7  (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  42. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  43. Marden, Duane. "SL Coaster  (Minamichita Beach Land & Minamichita Toy Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  44. Marden, Duane. "Dangai  (Thrill Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  45. Marden, Duane. "Super Roller Coaster  (Fnatasy Dome Tomakomai)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  46. Marden, Duane. "Milky Way  (Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  47. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  48. Marden, Duane. "Fujin Raijin II  (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  49. Marden, Duane. "Geopanic  (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  50. Marden, Duane. "Super Roller Coaster DIOS  (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  51. Marden, Duane. "Aladdin Coaster  (Alibaba City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  52. Marden, Duane. "Surf Coaster Leviathan  (Sea Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  53. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  54. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (World Food Festival)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  55. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fantasy Dome Seiro)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  56. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fantasy Dome Kishiwada)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  57. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister Megaton  (Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  58. Marden, Duane. "White Canyon  (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  59. Marden, Duane. "Clipper  (Space World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  60. Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  61. Marden, Duane. "Fujiyama  (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  62. Marden, Duane. "Mega Coaster  (Hamanako Pal Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  63. Marden, Duane. "Big Apple Coaster  (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  64. Marden, Duane. "Windjammer SurF Racers  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  65. Marden, Duane. "Kiddy Shuttle  (Thrill Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  66. Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse  (Kitami Family Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  67. Marden, Duane. "Hyper Kid Coaster  (Fantasy Dome)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  68. Marden, Duane. "Flounder's Flying Fish Coaster  (Tokyo DisneySea)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  69. Marden, Duane. "Actpo Kometa  (Maviland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  70. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Metalworkers' Palace)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  71. Marden, Duane. "Go Go Sneaker  (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  72. Marden, Duane. "Go Go Sneaker  (Kinetetsu Ayameike)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  73. Marden, Duane. "Hurricane Screw & Loop Coaster  (Himeji Central Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  74. Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Kintetsu Ayameike)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  75. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Coaster  (Marah Land Sabahiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  76. Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister  (Ikoma Skyland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  77. Marden, Duane. "Bledek Coaster  (Suroboyo Carnival Night Market)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  78. Widiyana, Esti (January 25, 2021). "Surabaya Night Carnival Riwayatmu Kini". news.detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  79. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Jawa Timur Park 2)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  80. Marden, Duane. "Loop & Cork  (Maruyama KidLand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  81. Marden, Duane. "Loop & Cork  (Nakajima Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  82. Marden, Duane. "Grand Canyon  (Parc de la Vallée)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  83. Marden, Duane. "Cobra  (Lunapark Fréjus)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  84. Marden, Duane. "Kddy Shuttle  (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  85. Marden, Duane. "Freestyle  (Cavallino Matto)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  86. Marden, Duane. "SkyRider  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.