binding parameter to array value error (Verilog)

Question

I'm trying to initialize an array of modules, and they each have 3 parameters, 2 of which are based on values that I define in a pair of reg packed arrays at the top of the module like this:

reg[31:0] k [0:63] = '{
32'hd76aa478, 32'he8c7b756, 32'h242070db, 32'hc1bdceee,
32'hf57c0faf, 32'h4787c62a, 32'ha8304613, 32'hfd469501,
32'h698098d8, 32'h8b44f7af, 32'hffff5bb1, 32'h895cd7be,
32'h6b901122, 32'hfd987193, 32'ha679438e, 32'h49b40821,
32'hf61e2562, 32'hc040b340, 32'h265e5a51, 32'he9b6c7aa,
32'hd62f105d, 32'h02441453, 32'hd8a1e681, 32'he7d3fbc8,
32'h21e1cde6, 32'hc33707d6, 32'hf4d50d87, 32'h455a14ed,
32'ha9e3e905, 32'hfcefa3f8, 32'h676f02d9, 32'h8d2a4c8a,
32'hfffa3942, 32'h8771f681, 32'h6d9d6122, 32'hfde5380c,
32'ha4beea44, 32'h4bdecfa9, 32'hf6bb4b60, 32'hbebfbc70,
32'h289b7ec6, 32'heaa127fa, 32'hd4ef3085, 32'h04881d05,
32'hd9d4d039, 32'he6db99e5, 32'h1fa27cf8, 32'hc4ac5665,
32'hf4292244, 32'h432aff97, 32'hab9423a7, 32'hfc93a039,
32'h655b59c3, 32'h8f0ccc92, 32'hffeff47d, 32'h85845dd1,
32'h6fa87e4f, 32'hfe2ce6e0, 32'ha3014314, 32'h4e0811a1,
32'hf7537e82, 32'hbd3af235, 32'h2ad7d2bb, 32'heb86d391
};

and

reg[4:0] s [0:63] = '{
7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,
5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,
4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,
6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21
};

I'm accessing those values when instantiating the modules like this:

hash_op #(0,s[0],k[0]) hash_op_0( // <- ERROR HERE!
    .clk(clk),
    .a(a_initial),
    .b(b_initial),
    .c(c_initial),
    .d(d_initial),
    .m(message_padded),
    .a_out(bl_a[1]),
    .b_out(bl_b[1]),
    .c_out(bl_c[1]),
    .d_out(bl_d[1]),
    .m_out(bl_m[1])
    );

generate
    genvar i;
        for(i = 1; i<64; i=i+1)
        begin : generate_hash_ops
            hash_op #(i,s[i],k[i]) hash_op_i( // <- ERROR HERE!
                .clk(clk),
                .a(bl_a[i]),
                .b(bl_b[i]),
                .c(bl_c[i]),
                .d(bl_d[i]),
                .m(bl_m[i]),
                .a_out(bl_a[i+1]),
                .b_out(bl_b[i+1]),
                .c_out(bl_c[i+1]),
                .d_out(bl_d[i+1]),
                .m_out(bl_m[i+1])
                );
        end
endgenerate

but I keep getting this error:

λ iverilog -o test -c file_list.txt
md5-core.v:49: error: Unable to bind parameter `k['sd0]' in `md5core'
md5-core.v:49: error: Unable to bind parameter `s['sd0]' in `md5core'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[1]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[1]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[2]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[2]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[3]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[3]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[4]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[4]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[5]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[5]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[6]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[6]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[7]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[7]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[8]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[8]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[9]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[9]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[10]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[10]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[11]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[11]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[12]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[12]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[13]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[13]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[14]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[14]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[15]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[15]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[16]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[16]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[17]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[17]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[18]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[18]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[19]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[19]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[20]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[20]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[21]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[21]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[22]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[22]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[23]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[23]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[24]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[24]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[25]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[25]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[26]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[26]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[27]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[27]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[28]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[28]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[29]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[29]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[30]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[30]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[31]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[31]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[32]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[32]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[33]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[33]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[34]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[34]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[35]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[35]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[36]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[36]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[37]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[37]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[38]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[38]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[39]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[39]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[40]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[40]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[41]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[41]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[42]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[42]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[43]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[43]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[44]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[44]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[45]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[45]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[46]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[46]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[47]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[47]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[48]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[48]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[49]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[49]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[50]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[50]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[51]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[51]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[52]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[52]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[53]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[53]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[54]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[54]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[55]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[55]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[56]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[56]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[57]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[57]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[58]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[58]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[59]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[59]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[60]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[60]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[61]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[61]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[62]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[62]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `k[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[63]'
md5-core.v:67: error: Unable to bind parameter `s[i]' in `md5core.generate_hash_ops[63]'
128 error(s) during elaboration.

Does anyone have any advice? I might be initializing the arrays wrong, or maybe verilog just doesn't support defining parameters based on array values, but I doubt that. Is there a more resource efficient to define my parameters? I don't ever use the values in these arrays beyond this generate sequence. "k" can be defined by a function instead, which I might use, but s cannot be.

Answer 1

k and s need to be defined as parameters to compile. Easiest solution is to change reg to parameter and enable SystemVerilog. Verilog does not support unpacked parameter arrays or the unpacked arrays syntax '{}. To make it Verilog complement you need to change k and s into a a single packed arrays (aka a vector).

k is a relatively easy change: reg [31:0] k [0:63] = '{ --> parameter [32*64-1:0] k = {

s is similar but you need to prefix 5'd to all the entries it will pack correctly (otherwise verilog will treat 7 as 32'd7)

parameter [64*5-1:0] s = {
5'd7, 5'd12, 5'd17, 5'd22,  5'd7, 5'd12, 5'd17, 5'd22,  5'd7, 5'd12, 5'd17, 5'd22,  5'd7, 5'd12, 5'd17, 5'd22,
5'd5,  5'd9, 5'd14, 5'd20,  5'd5,  5'd9, 5'd14, 5'd20,  5'd5,  5'd9, 5'd14, 5'd20,  5'd5,  5'd9, 5'd14, 5'd20,
5'd4, 5'd11, 5'd16, 5'd23,  5'd4, 5'd11, 5'd16, 5'd23,  5'd4, 5'd11, 5'd16, 5'd23,  5'd4, 5'd11, 5'd16, 5'd23,
5'd6, 5'd10, 5'd15, 5'd21,  5'd6, 5'd10, 5'd15, 5'd21,  5'd6, 5'd10, 5'd15, 5'd21,  5'd6, 5'd10, 5'd15, 5'd21
};

The order of the indexing is not reversed. The old k[0] is now k[64*32-1 : 63*32]. Since the looping is being done with constants and genvars, you can do k[(64-i)*32-1 : (63-i)*32].

hash_op #(0,s[64*5-1 : 63*5],k[64*32-1 : 63*32]) hash_op_0(
...

for(i = 1; i<64; i=i+1) begin : generate_hash_ops
  hash_op #(i,s[(64-i)*5-1 : (63-i)*5],k[(64-i)*32-1 : (63-i)*32]) hash_op_i(
  ...

I prefer indexing vectors and arrays with +: so the mathematical expression used to calculate the index is only one side, plus using +: works with variable and net types within always blocks and assign statements, and it is less typing.

hash_op #(0,s[63*5 +: 5],k[63*32 +: 32]) hash_op_0(
...

for(i = 1; i<64; i=i+1) begin : generate_hash_ops
  hash_op #(i,s[(63-i)*5 +: 5],k[(63-i)*32 +: 32]) hash_op_i(
  ...

This strategy does work on icarus verilog 0.10. I looks like icarus verilog 0.9.7 and old has a limitation that it can only use the whole value of a parameter; it gives the message "sorry: Cannot part select bits of parameters." This strategy does work with modelsim and should work with any simulator that is compliant with IEEE1364-2001 or IEEE1800