QWidget is key part of the Qt C++ classes. QWidget is the base class of all the user interface elements in the Qt framework.
The widget is the atom of the user interface: it receives mouse, keyboard and other events from the window system, and paints a representation of itself on the screen. Every widget is rectangular, and they are sorted in a Z-order. A widget is clipped by its parent and by the widgets in front of it.
The official Qt documentation can be found here for Qt 4.8 and here for Qt 5.