Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message.
Computer visualization is an important technique for understanding and communicating complicated data and ideas.
Data visualization usually involves maps, charts, plots, or graphs, see data-visualization for full details.
Idea visualization consists of representing an idea with one or more images, to aid in the comprehension of the idea, or certain aspects thereof. For example, an animation of an algorithm operating on a simple problem can greatly improve understanding of that algorithm.