is an array used to store the maximum Z coordinate of any feature plotted at a given (X, Y) location on the screen.
The Z-buffer is a memory buffer (array) used in a graphics accelerator to hold the maximum z-axis value of each (X, Y) location. This allows a pixel check so that if any pixel is "below" the z-buffer value for that location, it can be ignored. This is for "hidden surface removal."