The MicroBlaze is an open (usage documentation is available, but closed source) soft core Processor designed by Xilinx for their FPGAs. It is optimized for space usage and execution for Xilinx's FPGAs.
It is a RISC design with Harvard architecture and is capable of running complex operating systems like Linux. GCC has built-in support for MicroBlaze.
Even if MicroBlaze is not open source, it's architecture is documented and freely available. There are several open source implementations of MicroBlaze. See Wikipedia's article for a list of implementations.
The programs for it can be written in Assembler, C or C++.