An outlier is an observation that appears to be unusual or not well described relative to a simple characterization of a dataset.
Overview
Outliers are not necessarily bad or wrong, nor do they need to be removed from data for further analysis. However, outliers (of which there can be more than one in any set of data) indicate that some data at least appear to differ from the bulk of the dataset, suggesting they should be individually examined and understood. Also, some statistical procedures are sensitive to outliers: this means that removal of one or more outliers could substantially change the conclusions of those procedures.
Tag usage
Consider whether the outliers question would be more suitable on Stack Overflow SE (programming-related) or Cross Validated SE (statistics-related).
In scientific software r for statistical computing and graphics, function boxplot.stats
provides a basic method for detecting outliers.