Different from 3D-reconstruction in computer vision, tomography-reconstruction (or tomographic reconstruction) is an algorithm-oriented 3D reconstruction given the 2D measurement from the boundary. Different slices are reconstructed normally by back-projection algorithm, yet many other algorithms for different purpose are rapidly developed every year.
The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. It is applied in Computed Tomography to obtain cross-sectional images of patients. This article applies in general to tomographic reconstruction for all kinds of tomography, but some of the terms and physical descriptions refer directly to X-ray computed tomography.
The questions regarding the tomographic imaging and its reconstruction algorithms may use this tag. The topics include but not limit to: Radon transform, back-projection, Fourier transform, boundary condition problems, finite element method (FEM), X-ray computed tomography/Positron emission tomography, iterative algorithms, conjugate gradient methods.