1675

I have a bit of code where I am looping through all the select boxes on a page and binding a .hover event to them to do a bit of twiddling with their width on mouse on/off.

This happens on page ready and works just fine.

The problem I have is that any select boxes I add via Ajax or DOM after the initial loop won't have the event bound.

I have found this plugin (jQuery Live Query Plugin), but before I add another 5k to my pages with a plugin, I want to see if anyone knows a way to do this, either with jQuery directly or by another option.

Vikrant
  • 4,920
  • 17
  • 48
  • 72
Eli
  • 97,462
  • 20
  • 76
  • 81

23 Answers23

2557

As of jQuery 1.7 you should use jQuery.fn.on with the selector parameter filled:

$(staticAncestors).on(eventName, dynamicChild, function() {});

Explanation:

This is called event delegation and works as followed. The event is attached to a static parent (staticAncestors) of the element that should be handled. This jQuery handler is triggered every time the event triggers on this element or one of the descendant elements. The handler then checks if the element that triggered the event matches your selector (dynamicChild). When there is a match then your custom handler function is executed.


Prior to this, the recommended approach was to use live():

$(selector).live( eventName, function(){} );

However, live() was deprecated in 1.7 in favour of on(), and completely removed in 1.9. The live() signature:

$(selector).live( eventName, function(){} );

... can be replaced with the following on() signature:

$(document).on( eventName, selector, function(){} );

For example, if your page was dynamically creating elements with the class name dosomething you would bind the event to a parent which already exists (this is the nub of the problem here, you need something that exists to bind to, don't bind to the dynamic content), this can be (and the easiest option) is document. Though bear in mind document may not be the most efficient option.

$(document).on('mouseover mouseout', '.dosomething', function(){
    // what you want to happen when mouseover and mouseout 
    // occurs on elements that match '.dosomething'
});

Any parent that exists at the time the event is bound is fine. For example

$('.buttons').on('click', 'button', function(){
    // do something here
});

would apply to

<div class="buttons">
    <!-- <button>s that are generated dynamically and added here -->
</div>
Mark Baijens
  • 13,028
  • 11
  • 47
  • 73
dev.e.loper
  • 35,446
  • 76
  • 161
  • 247
  • 57
    Learn more about event delegation here: http://learn.jquery.com/events/event-delegation/. – Felix Kling Jun 07 '13 at 11:21
  • That solution still brings errors in jQuery 3 and firefox as after clearing html and recreating it the event is fired twice, – Sebastian Dec 16 '21 at 00:54
  • 3
    While this solution mentions "event delegation" at least ten times, it no place does it actually show you how to delegate an event to an dynamically bound function. – HoldOffHunger Jan 19 '22 at 01:25
421

There is a good explanation in the documentation of jQuery.fn.on.

In short:

Event handlers are bound only to the currently selected elements; they must exist on the page at the time your code makes the call to .on().

Thus in the following example #dataTable tbody tr must exist before the code is generated.

$("#dataTable tbody tr").on("click", function(event){
    console.log($(this).text());
});

If new HTML is being injected into the page, it is preferable to use delegated events to attach an event handler, as described next.

Delegated events have the advantage that they can process events from descendant elements that are added to the document at a later time. For example, if the table exists, but the rows are added dynamically using code, the following will handle it:

$("#dataTable tbody").on("click", "tr", function(event){
    console.log($(this).text());
});

In addition to their ability to handle events on descendant elements which are not yet created, another advantage of delegated events is their potential for much lower overhead when many elements must be monitored. On a data table with 1,000 rows in its tbody, the first code example attaches a handler to 1,000 elements.

A delegated-events approach (the second code example) attaches an event handler to only one element, the tbody, and the event only needs to bubble up one level (from the clicked tr to tbody).

Note: Delegated events do not work for SVG.

user664833
  • 18,397
  • 19
  • 91
  • 140
Ronen Rabinovici
  • 8,680
  • 5
  • 34
  • 46
282

This is a pure JavaScript solution without any libraries or plugins:

document.addEventListener('click', function (e) {
    if (hasClass(e.target, 'bu')) {
        // .bu clicked
        // Do your thing
    } else if (hasClass(e.target, 'test')) {
        // .test clicked
        // Do your other thing
    }
}, false);

where hasClass is

function hasClass(elem, className) {
    return elem.className.split(' ').indexOf(className) > -1;
}

Live demo

Credit goes to Dave and Sime Vidas

Using more modern JS, hasClass can be implemented as:

function hasClass(elem, className) {
    return elem.classList.contains(className);
}

The same jsfiddle Live demo embeded below:

function hasClass(elem, className) {
  return elem.classList.contains(className);
}

document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
  if (hasClass(e.target, 'bu')) {
    alert('bu');
    document.querySelector('.bu').innerHTML = '<div class="bu">Bu<div class="tu">Tu</div></div>';
  } else if (hasClass(e.target, 'test')) {
    alert('test');
  } else if (hasClass(e.target, 'tu')) {
    alert('tu');
  }

}, false);
.test,
.bu,
.tu {
  border: 1px solid gray;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}
<div class="test">Test
  <div class="bu">Bu</div>test
</div>
Ram Patra
  • 16,266
  • 13
  • 66
  • 81
  • 5
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9106329/implementing-jquerys-live-binder-with-native-javascript – zloctb Jan 06 '16 at 14:57
  • 10
    You may use [Element.classList](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList) instead of splitting – Eugen Konkov Aug 09 '16 at 10:07
  • 2
    @EugenKonkov `Element.classList` is not supported supported on older browsers. For example, IE < 9. – Ram Patra Aug 09 '16 at 10:59
  • 3
    A nice article on how to get things done using vanilla script instead of jQuery - https://toddmotto.com/is-it-time-to-drop-jquery-essentials-to-learning-javascript-from-a-jquery-background/ – Ram Patra Jun 29 '17 at 09:25
  • 4
    how about bubbling? What if the click event happened on a child of the element you are interested in? – Andreas Trantidis Jul 06 '17 at 13:06
  • @AndreasTrantidis you have to check for the class of the child element: http://jsfiddle.net/ramswaroop/d8e1860r/ – Ram Patra Jul 06 '17 at 13:19
  • 1
    this cannot be practical. would it not just be better to loop thru the items and add the event directly instead of checking the class every time the event is triggered? – oldboy Oct 16 '20 at 11:21
  • Nowadays, you’d just do `addEventListener("click", ({ target }) => { const element = target.closest(selector); if(element){`…`} });` for any `selector`. – Sebastian Simon Nov 29 '21 at 04:41
  • would it be better to use `e.target.innerHTML += '
    Bu
    Tu
    '` instead?
    – Aetinx Jul 21 '22 at 18:36
  • `return elem.classList.contains(className);` is incorrect, because subclass would trigger for class. The original method of splitting on spaces is actually ideal. – PRMan Dec 15 '22 at 18:03
  • @PRMan What does that mean? What is a "subclass"? An element either has a class or it doesn't. – Pointy Jan 30 '23 at 16:12
  • Note that this answer could be expanded to take into account the `.matches(selector)` method in modern browsers. That would allow the above mechanism to work with arbitrary selectors, not just class names. – Pointy Jan 30 '23 at 16:14
85

You can add events to objects when you create them. If you are adding the same events to multiple objects at different times, creating a named function might be the way to go.

var mouseOverHandler = function() {
    // Do stuff
};
var mouseOutHandler = function () {
    // Do stuff
};

$(function() {
    // On the document load, apply to existing elements
    $('select').hover(mouseOverHandler, mouseOutHandler);
});

// This next part would be in the callback from your Ajax call
$("<select></select>")
    .append( /* Your <option>s */ )
    .hover(mouseOverHandler, mouseOutHandler)
    .appendTo( /* Wherever you need the select box */ )
;
Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
nickf
  • 537,072
  • 198
  • 649
  • 721
57

You could simply wrap your event binding call up into a function and then invoke it twice: once on document ready and once after your event that adds the new DOM elements. If you do that you'll want to avoid binding the same event twice on the existing elements so you'll need either unbind the existing events or (better) only bind to the DOM elements that are newly created. The code would look something like this:

function addCallbacks(eles){
    eles.hover(function(){alert("gotcha!")});
}

$(document).ready(function(){
    addCallbacks($(".myEles"))
});

// ... add elements ...
addCallbacks($(".myNewElements"))
Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
Greg Borenstein
  • 1,536
  • 2
  • 13
  • 18
  • 2
    This post really helped me get a grasp on a problem I was having loading the same form and getting 1,2,4,8,16... submissions. Instead of using .live() I just used .bind() in my .load() callback. Problem solved. Thanks! – theflowersoftime Aug 24 '11 at 09:24
45

This is done by event delegation. Event will get bind on wrapper-class element but will be delegated to selector-class element. This is how it works.

$('.wrapper-class').on("click", '.selector-class', function() {
    // Your code here
});

And HTML

<div class="wrapper-class">
    <button class="selector-class">
      Click Me!
    </button>
</div>    

#Note: wrapper-class element can be anything ex. document, body or your wrapper. Wrapper should already exist. However, selector doesn't necessarily needs to be presented at page loading time. It may come later and the event will bind on selector without fail.

Mustkeem K
  • 8,158
  • 2
  • 32
  • 43
  • Yes, but it'll create event propagation for elements. you need to add target the specific dynamic element and stop event propagation. – Asad Ali Aug 05 '20 at 16:36
  • In case you bind same event on parent and descendent element than you can stop it using event.stopPropagation() – Mustkeem K Aug 06 '20 at 07:18
44

Try to use .live() instead of .bind(); the .live() will bind .hover to your checkbox after the Ajax request executes.

Willi Mentzel
  • 27,862
  • 20
  • 113
  • 121
user670265
  • 483
  • 4
  • 3
  • 35
    The method `live()` was deprecated in version 1.7 in favor of `on` and deleted in version 1.9. – chridam Jun 17 '14 at 12:30
39

Event binding on dynamically created elements

Single element:

$(document.body).on('click','.element', function(e) {  });

Child Element:

 $(document.body).on('click','.element *', function(e) {  });

Notice the added *. An event will be triggered for all children of that element.

I have noticed that:

$(document.body).on('click','.#element_id > element', function(e) {  });

It is not working any more, but it was working before. I have been using jQuery from Google CDN, but I don't know if they changed it.

Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
MadeInDreams
  • 1,991
  • 5
  • 33
  • 64
37

I prefer using the selector and I apply it on the document.

This binds itself on the document and will be applicable to the elements that will be rendered after page load.

For example:

$(document).on("click", 'selector', function() {
    // Your code here
});
Vatsal
  • 2,068
  • 4
  • 21
  • 24
29

You can use the live() method to bind elements (even newly created ones) to events and handlers, like the onclick event.

Here is a sample code I have written, where you can see how the live() method binds chosen elements, even newly created ones, to events:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <title>Untitled Document</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script>
        <script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.16/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>

        <input type="button" id="theButton" value="Click" />
        <script type="text/javascript">
            $(document).ready(function()
                {
                    $('.FOO').live("click", function (){alert("It Works!")});
                    var $dialog = $('<div></div>').html('<div id="container"><input type ="button" id="CUSTOM" value="click"/>This dialog will show every time!</div>').dialog({
                                                                                                         autoOpen: false,
                                                                                                         tite: 'Basic Dialog'
                                                                                                     });
                    $('#theButton').click(function()
                    {
                        $dialog.dialog('open');
                        return('false');
                    });
                    $('#CUSTOM').click(function(){
                        //$('#container').append('<input type="button" value="clickmee" class="FOO" /></br>');
                        var button = document.createElement("input");
                        button.setAttribute('class','FOO');
                        button.setAttribute('type','button');
                        button.setAttribute('value','CLICKMEE');
                        $('#container').append(button);
                    });
                    /* $('#FOO').click(function(){
                                                     alert("It Works!");
                                                 }); */
            });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
Fazi
  • 3,909
  • 4
  • 27
  • 23
26

Another solution is to add the listener when creating the element. Instead of put the listener in the body, you put the listener in the element in the moment that you create it:

var myElement = $('<button/>', {
    text: 'Go to Google!'
});

myElement.bind( 'click', goToGoogle);
myElement.append('body');


function goToGoogle(event){
    window.location.replace("http://www.google.com");
}
Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
Martin Da Rosa
  • 442
  • 4
  • 5
  • Your code contains 1 mistake: `myElement.append('body');` must be `myElement.appendTo('body');`. On the other hand, if there is no need for the further use of variable `myElement` it's easier and shorter this way: `$('body').append($('', { text: 'Go to Google!' }).bind( 'click', goToGoogle));` – ddlab May 11 '17 at 19:58
24

Try like this way -

$(document).on( 'click', '.click-activity', function () { ... });
Rohit Suthar
  • 3,528
  • 1
  • 42
  • 48
20

Take note of "MAIN" class the element is placed, for example,

<div class="container">
     <ul class="select">
         <li> First</li>
         <li>Second</li>
    </ul>
</div>

In the above scenario, the MAIN object the jQuery will watch is "container".

Then you will basically have elements names under container such as ul, li, and select:

$(document).ready(function(e) {
    $('.container').on( 'click',".select", function(e) {
        alert("CLICKED");
    });
 });
Peter Mortensen
  • 30,738
  • 21
  • 105
  • 131
Aslan Kaya
  • 514
  • 5
  • 11
19

You can attach event to element when dynamically created using jQuery(html, attributes).

As of jQuery 1.8, any jQuery instance method (a method of jQuery.fn) can be used as a property of the object passed to the second parameter:

function handleDynamicElementEvent(event) {
  console.log(event.type, this.value)
}
// create and attach event to dynamic element
jQuery("<select>", {
    html: $.map(Array(3), function(_, index) {
      return new Option(index, index)
    }),
    on: {
      change: handleDynamicElementEvent
    }
  })
  .appendTo("body");
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js">
</script>
Milan Chheda
  • 8,159
  • 3
  • 20
  • 35
guest271314
  • 1
  • 15
  • 104
  • 177
18

you could use

$('.buttons').on('click', 'button', function(){
    // your magic goes here
});

or

$('.buttons').delegate('button', 'click', function() {
    // your magic goes here
});

these two methods are equivalent but have a different order of parameters.

see: jQuery Delegate Event

15

Here is why dynamically created elements do not respond to clicks :

var body = $("body");
var btns = $("button");
var btnB = $("<button>B</button>");
// `<button>B</button>` is not yet in the document.
// Thus, `$("button")` gives `[<button>A</button>]`.
// Only `<button>A</button>` gets a click listener.
btns.on("click", function () {
  console.log(this);
});
// Too late for `<button>B</button>`...
body.append(btnB);
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>

As a workaround, you have to listen to all clicks and check the source element :

var body = $("body");
var btnB = $("<button>B</button>");
var btnC = $("<button>C</button>");
// Listen to all clicks and
// check if the source element
// is a `<button></button>`.
body.on("click", function (ev) {
  if ($(ev.target).is("button")) {
    console.log(ev.target);
  }
});
// Now you can add any number
// of `<button></button>`.
body.append(btnB);
body.append(btnC);
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>

This is called "Event Delegation". Good news, it's a builtin feature in jQuery :-)

var i = 11;
var body = $("body");
body.on("click", "button", function () {
  var letter = (i++).toString(36).toUpperCase();
  body.append($("<button>" + letter + "</button>"));
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>
12

Any parent that exists at the time the event is bound and if your page was dynamically creating elements with the class name button you would bind the event to a parent which already exists

$(document).ready(function(){
  //Particular Parent chield click
  $(".buttons").on("click","button",function(){
    alert("Clicked");
  });  
  
  //Dynamic event bind on button class  
  $(document).on("click",".button",function(){
    alert("Dymamic Clicked");
  });
  $("input").addClass("button");  
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="buttons">
  <input type="button" value="1">
  <button>2</button>
  <input type="text">
  <button>3</button>  
  <input type="button" value="5">  
  </div>
<button>6</button>
Ankit Kathiriya
  • 1,221
  • 10
  • 17
11

Bind the event to a parent which already exists:

$(document).on("click", "selector", function() {
    // Your code here
});
truongnm
  • 2,311
  • 2
  • 31
  • 48
6

Another flexible solution to create elements and bind events (source)

// creating a dynamic element (container div)
var $div = $("<div>", {id: 'myid1', class: 'myclass'});

//creating a dynamic button
 var $btn = $("<button>", { type: 'button', text: 'Click me', class: 'btn' });

// binding the event
 $btn.click(function () { //for mouseover--> $btn.on('mouseover', function () {
    console.log('clicked');
 });

// append dynamic button to the dynamic container
$div.append($btn);

// add the dynamically created element(s) to a static element
$("#box").append($div);

Note: This will create an event handler instance for each element (may affect performance when used in loops)

Prasad De Silva
  • 836
  • 1
  • 12
  • 22
5

Use the .on() method of jQuery http://api.jquery.com/on/ to attach event handlers to live element.

Also as of version 1.9 .live() method is removed.

Kalpesh Patel
  • 2,772
  • 2
  • 25
  • 52
5

I prefer to have event listeners deployed in a modular function fashion rather than scripting a document level event listener. So, I do like below. Note, you can't oversubscribe an element with the same event listener so don't worry about attaching a listener more than once - only one sticks.

var iterations = 4;
var button;
var body = document.querySelector("body");

for (var i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
    button = document.createElement("button");
    button.classList.add("my-button");
    button.appendChild(document.createTextNode(i));
    button.addEventListener("click", myButtonWasClicked);
    body.appendChild(button);
}

function myButtonWasClicked(e) {
    console.log(e.target); //access to this specific button
}
Ronnie Royston
  • 16,778
  • 6
  • 77
  • 91
-1
<html>
    <head>
        <title>HTML Document</title>
        <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div id="hover-id">
            Hello World
        </div>

        <script>
            jQuery(document).ready(function($){
                $(document).on('mouseover', '#hover-id', function(){
                    $(this).css('color','yellowgreen');
                });

                $(document).on('mouseout', '#hover-id', function(){
                    $(this).css('color','black');
                });
            });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
Fakhrul Hasan
  • 162
  • 1
  • 5
  • 4
    While this code snippet may solve the problem, it doesn't explain why or how it answers the question. Please include an explanation for your code, as that really helps to improve the quality of your post. Remember that you are answering the question for readers in the future, and those people might not know the reasons for your code suggestion. – Palec Sep 30 '17 at 11:07
-2

I was looking a solution to get $.bind and $.unbind working without problems in dynamically added elements.

As on() makes the trick to attach events, in order to create a fake unbind on those I came to:

const sendAction = function(e){ ... }
// bind the click
$('body').on('click', 'button.send', sendAction );

// unbind the click
$('body').on('click', 'button.send', function(){} );
Evhz
  • 8,852
  • 9
  • 51
  • 69